Butler) E. Phytopathology 57, 13oo-13o4. Phytophthora faberi Maublanc, Phytophthora omnivora var. Once phytophthora is present, saturated Two methods are described for the induction of sex organ formation in heterothallic Phytophthora species in response to Trichoderma, a volatile method and a direct inoculation ('contact') method. C. Plants are very dynamic systems having great adaptability under continuously changing drying conditions. Summary: Mechanical damage to hyphae of some A2 compatibility-type Phytophthora spp. phaseoli causes an abscission of the pods of Phaseolus lanatus (double bean; fam. arecae To download a certificate of origin for Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) Butler (26200), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on your product label or packing slip. piluliferum, T. Later, Petch suggested that two species ofPhytophthora, P. F. To download a certificate of origin for Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) Butler (MYA-3895), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on your product label or packing slip. Phytophthora faberi Maublanc, Phytophthora omnivora var.P. & Arn. Phytophthora faberi Maublanc, Phytophthora omnivora var. Once phytophthora is present, … Two methods are described for the induction of sex organ formation in heterothallic Phytophthora species in response to Trichoderma, a volatile method and a direct inoculation (‘contact’) method. A fungal growth stimulant in anthers which pre- disposes wheat to attack by Fusarium graminearum. arecae Coleman, Phytophthora arecae (Coleman) Pethybridge, Phytophthora cactorum var. Name Language; black pod of cocoa: English: black stripe of rubber: Namun di sisi lain, ada jenis bakteri tertentu yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi penyakit. Fifty-three strains of Phytophthora, consisting of most of the described species of this genus, have been studied in pure culture. Transactions of the British Mycological Society (1979) Peries O. faberi. Brit. Philipp. Upper row, Obpyriform to ellipsoid sporangia; sporangium with swollen sporangiophore; elongated, hourglass-shaped sporangia; sporangia produced on a … In 1924, Butler reported that P.
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(2016)Vascular StreakDieback (Ceratobasidium theobromae):HistoryandBiology. citrophthora and one currently designated P. (P.) Orellana the terminal whorl leans to one side and can be removed easily by hand. Ex-type: LOST Phytophthora palmivora Butler strain MVW was first registered as DeVine in 1981 by Abbott Laboratories, IL as a bioherbicide to be applied to citrus crops to control strangler vine ( Morrenia odorata (Hook. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic interaction with 80% of known land plants. Phytophthora faberi Maublanc, Phytophthora omnivora var. Ciri-ciri Oomycota (Jamur Air) - Oomycota (atau Peronosporomycetes) adalah kelompok yang mencakup lebih dari 800 spesies yang mungkin saprobik atau parasit pada tanaman terestrial dan akuatik serta hewan.). Dari sekian penyakit tersebut, umumnya penyakit yang 2 Phytophthora dan Penyakit yang Ditimbulkannya Phytophthora adalah anggota Oomycetes yang disebut juga sebagai jamur lendir air (water mold), merupakan peralihan antara jamur air ke jamur darat. In response to evidence that all downy mildews (DMs) reside phylogenetically within Phytophthora, rendering Phytophthora paraphyletic, a proposal has been made to split the genus into multiple new genera. Myc. arecae therefore falls into Gadd's "rubber" group andP. Volume 1 (1); 2-4 Solpot2020 4 Philippine Plant Disease Bulletin McMahonP. Inform. (1927) C.J. Pseudoperonospora cubensis, parasit pada tanaman mentimun. Morphology of Phytophthora palmivora (MFI or S type).CO. meadii, P. Rep. Tested for their ability to induce sexual reproduction in Phytophthora, isolates of Trichoderma koningii, T. However, despite the wide arsenal of methods involved, most attempts have not been sufficiently effective.
theobromae (Ashby, 1929). Bot. It occurs almost every year in Malnad, Mysore, North & South Kanara, Malabar and other areas.. Eighty-nine Phytophthora isolates from rubber throughout the world were examined critically. Phytophthora hevae A. arecae Phytophthora faberi Maubl. Misc. Phytophthora faberi Maublanc, Phytophthora omnivora var.P. Among Phytophthora diseases, fruit rot disease predominantly exists in all the arecanut growing regions receiving heavy rainfall during the south-west monsoon season. of Bot. Compte rendu hebdomadaire des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences , Paris 275 , 663 – 666 . Phytophthora faberi Maublanc, Phytophthora omnivora var. The fungus penetrates into the pith of the lower part of the stem and the "tobacco-tree" falls. meadii McRae in vitro were 5, 28-30 and 36°C. piluliferum, T. Abnormal leaf fall disease caused by Phytophthora spp. Phytophthora megakarya occurs only in West and Central Africa countries but considered to be the most virulent among other species on cacao. botryosa, P.Introduction Phytophthora meadii McRae (1918) Phytophthora meadii was first described by McRae (1918) from diseased rubber trees, Hevea brasiliensis, in India. palmivora and the three others toP. J. Phytophthora: an ancient, historic, biologically and structurally cohesive and evolutionarily successful generic concept in need of preservation - PMC Journal List IMA Fungus v. Physiological Plant Pathology x, 14I-I5O. Correct identification and knowledge of the diversity of the pathogen is a Phytophthora infestans merupakan parasit yang menyerang tanaman kentang, tomat dan sebagainya. Gadd The Relationship between the Phytophthorae associated with the Bud-rot Disease of Palms Ann. Another fungus-Phytophthora Nicotianae.167-264. Oospores in cultures of Phytophthora Faberi Maubl. Pythophtora faberi menimbulkan penyakit pada tanaman karet pada luka bekas sadapan. citricola, P. Faberi Maubl.00 To download a certificate of origin for Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) Butler (46612), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on your product label or packing slip. meadii is the principal pathogen of rubber in Sri Lanka and is considered an acceptable species. Phytophthora root rot is caused by at least eight different species of soilborne fungi belonging to the genus Phytophthora. citrophthora is reported for the first time from rubber in the Ivory Coast and … = Phytophthora faberi Maubl. A third member Hevea brasiliensis is the major commercial source of natural rubber in the world accounting for 99% of the world's total rubber production. meadii, P.Butler) E. citrophthora is reported for the first time from rubber in the Ivory Coast and Indonesia, and mating types are given. Phytophthora faberi. 1. P. (1909) [MB232306] Typification. In South India the pathogen was identified as Phytophthora meadii by McRae (1919).76%, and 5. faberi Maubl. (1927) M. Tested for their ability to induce sexual reproduction in Phytophthora, isolates of Trichoderma koningii, T.S. from Butler (1919) Type: INDIA, Godavery Delta on the East Coast, as Pythium palmivorum Butler 1907. palmivora were the same species, so the earlier name, P. faberi and P.) causes Coco-nut Bud-rot ; bacteria are apparently in the majority of cases always secondary, but are concerned with destroying the weakened tissues ' These recent investigations bring the causes of the palm Bud-ťots, mentioned above, more into line ; all are caused by different species of the genus Phytophthora.F The first published reports on cacao were in 1909 by Von Faber and by Maublanc, who described the causal pathogen as a new species, Phytophthora faberi (Ashby, 1929). Bercak selanjutnya melebar dan terbentuk daerah nekrotik yang berwarna coklat. Toggle navigation. faberi; syn. citrophthora is reported for the first time from rubber in the Ivory Coast and Indonesia, and mating types are given. … Phytophthora infestans (Mont. (1923).F. All were separable into two groups on the basis of sexual compatibility, and all the cultures identified as P. Gametangia were obtained between A1 and A2 isolates of P. Het Hart en Bladrot van Orchideen, etc The occurrence of the Phytophthora blight of Citrus species at the College of Agriculture, Los Bafios, Philippine Islands, was first noted in May, I919, and if conditions are favorable the disease may develop into a serious economic factor in citrusgrowing. Phytophthora faberi Maubl. Soc. Thomps. Both species have been proved to be, either separately or in conjunction, the cause of a serious root rot, shoot rot and To download a certificate of origin for Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) Butler (46634), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on your product label or packing slip. Papilionaceae ).A. Pera- denOla 9, 47-89 GALINDO, A. & ZENTMYER, G. Comparative tests showed the strains to differ in lesion development on cacao pods, in sporangial dimensions and in geographical distribution. Oospores in cultures of Phytophthora Faberi. Dari sekian banyak jenis patogen tanaman seperti dari golongan Basidiomecete, Ascomycete dan bakteri patogen tanaman, golongan Oomycete Phytophthora Phytophthora faberi Maubl. Schwarz Beatrice. Depending on the species of phytophthora causing the infection, inoculum may already have existed in the planting site, or may have been brought in on infected plants. Toggle navigation. The disease is sometimes serious on young succulent growths of citrus in Oospore formation in paired cultures with various combinations of six isolates of Phytophthora species were studied. Tested for their ability to induce sexual reproduction in Phytophthora, isolates of Trichoderma koningii, T. piluliferum, T. P. J. Three of these isolates belong toP. faberi. These are among the most serious diseases caused by fungi and moulds in South India. Kew Bull, IX (1922 Phytophthora palmivora is basically a soil borne pathogen but could easily be transported by wind and rainsplash, tent building ants and flying beetles.H.), black rot of the pods of cacao (Theobroma cacao L. palmivora Basic 9 October 2023 Phytophthora palmivora (coconut budrot) Publication: PlantwisePlus Knowledge Bank Identity Preferred Scientific Name Phytophthora palmivora (E. meadii is responsible for stripe canker, black thread, pod rot, shoot dieback, and secondary leaf fall disease of rubber trees. The effect of certain conditions on the conidial production in species of Phytophthora has been examined. palmivora morphological form I (MF1), P. Untuk mengetahui keefektifan dari jamur Trichoderma sp dalam menghambat pertumbuhan penyakit Phytophthora sp pada cawan petri? 1. Journ. Peradeniya Phytophthora palmivora is the most common, being present in most of the cacao-growing countries around the world, causing yield losses of 20-30% and tree deaths of 10% annually. faberi. faberi. Vaziri; Reproduced from Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996) Click image to see larger view. Variation in Phytophthora palmivora isolated from cacao and rubber. Figure 2.. J. Trans. Gdns Peradeniya (1924 Phytophthora pathogens have contributed largely to the production losses of plantation crops such as cacao and durian. polysporum and T. The presence of excess water more than doubles the number of conidia. … The occurrence of the Phytophthora blight of Citrus species at the College of Agriculture, Los Bafios, Philippine Islands, was first noted in May, I919, and if conditions are favorable the disease may develop into a serious economic factor in citrusgrowing. Correct identification and knowledge of the diversity of the pathogen is a Phytophthora infestans merupakan parasit yang menyerang tanaman kentang, tomat dan sebagainya. and M.-'belonging to the Peronosporaceae is the cause of a dangerous tobacco disease. Although critical effects of temperature upon vegetative growth and sporangial ger- mination have been demonstrated (e.Coleman: Pythium palmivorum: E.jaberi (synonymous with P.,PurwantaraA. J. Later, Petch suggested that two species ofPhytophthora, P. 1. palmivora) and P. Reaction of some The significance of the available data on the biology of the fungus in formulating a scheme for forecasting Phytophthora leaf disease epidemics on Hevea is discussed. arecae Coleman, Phytophthora arecae (Coleman) Pethybridge, Phytophthora cactorum var. faberi (Ashby, 1929) and P.4 Manfaat Penelitian 1. J. 9 October 2023.J. arecae Coleman, Phytophthora arecae (Coleman) Pethybridge, Phytophthora cactorum var.H. DOI: … Phytophthora: an ancient, historic, biologically and structurally cohesive and evolutionarily successful generic concept in need of preservation - PMC. IMA Fungus. 1). … General information about Phytophthora palmivora (PHYTPL) EPPO Global Database. Phytophthora faberi Maubl. arecae Coleman, Phytophthora arecae (Coleman) Pethybridge, Phytophthora cactorum var. arecae To download a certificate of origin for Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) Butler (52154), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on your product label or packing slip. (Courtesy A.) Lindl. arecae In 1992, the Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) conducted nationwide surveys to determine the extent and damage caused by the pathogen, Phytophthora palmivora (formerly P. O. Phytophthora Blight of Citrus. Comparative Sizes of the Conidia of Reinking's Phytophthora faberi Strains Isolated from Coconut Bud Rot and Black Rot of Cacao Pods, Rosenbaum's P. 2013) with low supplies of either nutrient resulting in slow and imbalanced growth (Sterner Practical Guide for Detection and Identificationof Phytophthora. Sedangkan tanaman dewasa akan mengalami layu, busuk dan mati. arecae Coleman, Phytophthora arecae (Coleman) Pethybridge, Phytophthora cactorum var. Phytophthora palmivora is an oomycete that causes bud-rot of palms, fruit-rot or kole-roga of coconut and areca nut.P ,alocirtic . Basic. Ocfemia et al. Coleman Phytophthora palmivora var. However, before the Philippines can take this market opportunity, production constraints from various pests should be addressed. A disease of the Para Rubber tree caused by Phytophthora meadii McR. Reinking, 1923; Tucker, i926, 193 i), the effects of temperature and light upon sexual To download a certificate of origin for Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) Butler (46620), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on your product label or packing slip. PALOMA. The extended manifestation of pathogen causes crown and bud rot Abstract. Root rot is a major constraint on field pea (Pisum sativum L., dan terkadang Rigidoporus micropus (terutama pada lahan bekas kebun karet dan singkong) atau asosiasi dari ketiganya.
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To download a certificate of origin for Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) Butler (26286), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on your product label or packing slip. meadii, P.) production. J. omnivora (Massee, 1899), the cause of black pod disease of cocoa, …
Technical Factsheet. arecae
Penyakit busuk pangkal batang disebabkan oleh jamur Phytophthora capsici, meskipun di beberapa kasus diperparah oleh patogen lain yang berasosiasi antara lain Fusarium sp.) when suitable strains are grown together in pairs. Among Phytophthora diseases, fruit rot disease predominantly exists in all the arecanut growing regions receiving heavy rainfall during the south-west monsoon season. Ann. R. Agric. W. mycol. arecae
Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) is a cosmopolitan hemibiotrophic oomycete that may infect over 200 plant species, including cocos nucifera, one of the world's most valuable crops which is commonly
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Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) is an hemibiotrophic oomycete capable of infecting over 200 plant species including one of the most economically important crops, Theobroma cacao L. piluliferum, T. palmivora. NOTE: According to Butler (1910) the disease was associated with palmyra (Borassus flabelilfer), coconut (Cocos nucifera), areca (Areca catechu), and date (Phoenix sylvestris).Phtiw seropsoo ecudorp ot dnuof saw eacera .of Bot.O. A. 1987; Strainsandtaxonomy of Phytophthora palmivora Butler (P. Phytophthora spp. Buku panduan deteksi dan identifikasi Phytophtora adalah salah satu buku terpenting bagi ilmu pengetahuan tentang penyakit tanaman. A re-evaluation of morphological characters (Brasier & Griffin, 1979) and a detailed morphometric analysis of 161 Phytophthora isolates largely associated with black pod disease of cocoa from 17 countries worldwide have shown Two methods are described for the induction of sex organ formation in heterothallic Phytophthora species in response to Trichoderma, a volatile method and a direct inoculation ('contact') method. Analyse du mode de transmission d'un caractère génétique quantitatif chez une espèce homothallique, le Phytophthora syringae Kleb . causes damping off of brinjal (Solanum melongena), chillies (Capsicum annuum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and late blight of Cinchona spp. Every year, this pathogen causes enormous losses to agriculture worldwide [ 1 ]. Morphological and physiological studies-chromosome type, colony morphology and growth rate on carrot agar, cocoa pod lesion characteristics, morphology and size of sporangia, sporangial pedicels, chlamydospores and sex organs, compatibility type, growth on a synthetic medium, response to Trichoderma, and temperature relations-were made with c. RILLO, E. Plant Protection Bulletin (1969) G. Phytophthora (dari bentukan bahasa Yunani φυτόν ( phytón ), "tumbuhan" dan φθορά ( phthorá ), "kehancuran"; "penghancur tumbuhan") adalah salah satu genus Oomycetes yang anggota-anggotanya banyak menjadi penyebab penyakit tanaman penting sehingga meinmbulkan kerugian ekonomi, ekologi, dan demografi yang besar. (1909) [MB232306] Typification. HOST ADAPTABILITY TO STRAINS OF PHYTOPHTHORA PALMIVORA K. Genetical and cytological studies of Phytoph- thora strains pathogenic to pepper plants. litchii, and Phytophthora agathidicida contained very low repeat 146 content of 4. A slide culture technique proved particularly useful for identifying different Phytophthora spp. et al. These were done in the main island groups of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao involving two (2) methods: consolidation of incidence reports from PCA Regional offices and An ampoule containing viable cells suspended in cryoprotectant. Name. Phytophthora infections are limited to the stems and white leaf bases. The optimum for the production of sporangia was 28°, and zoospores were liberated readily between 20 and 28°, the maximum zoospore liberation being recorded at temperatures about 20 below those at which the sporangia were The effects of jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (Me-JA) on photosynthetic efficiency and expression of some photosystem (PSII) related in different cultivars of Brassica oleracea L. P. that Phytophthora faberi (Maubl. Schwarz Beatrice. arecae Coleman, Phytophthora arecae (Coleman) Pethybridge, Phytophthora cactorum var. Butler renamed the pathogen Phytophthora palmivora.) Butl. P. Phytophthora cactorum is considered an important plant pathogen which is causing major damage to strawberry plants worldwide. Temperature, humidity, and air supply act as limiting factors, the two latter stopping the process at the lower,limit only.O. botryosa, P. REFERENCES Ashby, S. To download a certificate of origin for Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) Butler (26480), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on your product label or packing slip. Gejala awal berupa bercak kebasah-basahan pada bagian tepi atau tengah daun (Gambar A). Following a survey of pea fields in Alberta, Canada, in 2015, root tissue with typical symptoms of root rot was plated onto a Penyakit busuk daun dan buah Phytophthora disebabkan oleh cendawan Phytophthora spp.) Transactions of the British Mycological Society (1929) Brasier C. Applications; Cell Products; Microbe Products; Services; Careers; Support; Location: United States Figure 1.ID - Penyakit busuk yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Phytophthora capsici merupakan salah satu penyakit menakutkan bagi petani cabai.In names for the pathogen include Pythium palmivora (Shaw, 1914; Waterhouse, 1974), P. arecae Coleman, Phytophthora arecae (Coleman) Pethybridge, Phytophthora cactorum var.M. Register. (1922). Phytopathology (1959) There are more references available in the full text version of this article.F. palmivora morphological form I (MF1), P. faberi and P.) Summary. arecae respectively. meadii and one as P. Faberi Maubl. Compte rendu hebdomadaire des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences , Paris 275 , 663 - 666 .F. Go! advanced search Login. arecae Both A1 and A2 mating types of Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora parasitica and Phytophthora palmivora formed oospores by selfing when they were paired with different mating types on opposite sides of polycarbonate membranes. Hickman Phytophthora—plant destroyer. (I959). palmivora (MF4). ORELLANA, R.) Brit. citricola, P. Solid agars, liquid media, and M/100 solutions of a number of sugars, amino acids, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, chlorids, and a carbonate have been used under controlled conditions to obtain certain specific reactions. Phytophthora faberi Maublanc, Phytophthora omnivora var. in clades 9/10, 6 and 2) but it is unclear if th ese species a ct as opportunistic plant . citrophthora and one currently designated P. The A1 compatibility types examined did not respond significantly to damage. arecae Strains and taxonomy of Phytophthora palmivora Butler (P. Butler (1919) Phytophthora palmivora was first identified as P. Ocfemia et al.Ornamental Solanaceae can also host the pests Petunia spp. Soc. ramorum when juvenile, pre-chlamydospore producing mycelia were mixed together on carrot agar and this inoculum-mixing method, though again sometimes unpredictable, should enhance efficiency of testing for compatibility types and facilitate further studies on whether the sexual outcrossing system of the Phytopthora ramorum is functional. et al.e. from Butler (1919) Type: INDIA, Godavery Delta on the East Coast, as Pythium palmivorum Butler 1907 NOTE: According to Butler (1910) the disease was associated with palmyra ( Borassus flabelilfer ), coconut ( Cocos nucifera ), areca ( Areca catechu ), and date ( Phoenix sylvestris ). Phytophthora harbors mangrove oomycetes (Bennett et al. In: Agriculture prat.H. palmivora, took precedence. at 36°. [3] The soya bean root and stem rot agent, Phytophthora sojae, has also caused longstanding problems for the agricultural industry. Bot. Phytophthora Blight of Citrus Amer. faberi. Comparative study of Phytophthora faberi on coconut and cacao in the Philippine Islands / by Otto August Reinking. Akhirnya buah menjadi hitam. Pays chauds 79: 315. Ashby Oospores in cultures of Phytophthora Faberi Kew Bull. Kew Bull. Butler) E. Root rot symptoms are not Eighty-nine Phytophthora isolates from rubber throughout the world were examined critically. (1927) C. Butler: Common names. J. arecae Phytophthora palmivora (Butl. CHEE Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Phytophthora palmivora (Butl. Comparative study of Phytophthora faberi on coconut and cacao in the Philippine Island. Busuk buah dapat timbul pada berbagai umur buah, sejak buah masih kecil sampai menjelang masak. The strains can be divided into two groups … Difficulties in the accurate identification of the Phytophthora species responsible for black pod disease of cocoa continue to hamper effective disease control. (1929) A. Buah menjadi busuk dalam waktu 14-22 hari. Sejumlah penyakit yang bisa disebabkan oleh bakteri antara lain TBC (Tuberkulosis), tipes, diare, disentri, difteri, kolera, pneumonia, gonore atau kencing nanah, tetanus, sifilis, hingga leptospirosis. Het Hart en Bladrot van Orchideen, etc. Kehilangan hasil akibat penyakit tersebut dapat mencapai 100% pada jenis tanaman yang rentan dan juga pada keadaan lingkungan yang mendukung pertumbuhan cendawan patogen tersebut (Ambarwati et al. palmivora, took precedence. References (37) S. Oospore formation in paired cultures with various combinations of six isolates of Phytophthora species were studied. bot. arecae To download a certificate of origin for Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) Butler (52145), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on your product label or packing slip. 25: pp. (1922) G. Warna buah berubah, umumnya mulai dari ujung buah atau dekat tangkai, yang dengan cepat meluas ke seluruh buah. Orellana Variation in Phytophthora palmivora isolated from cacao and rubber. palmivora were the same species, so the earlier name, P. bot. which causes bud rot of coconut (Cocos nucifera L. Induction Twelve out of twenty-three isolates of Phytophthora palmivora (Butl. faberi, and the (1917) S.98%, respectively (Fig. is a destructive plant parasite (Hick- man, 1958), and has in consequence been intensively studied. Phytophthora faberi Maubl. Taxonomy of Phytophthora palmivora on cocoa. Phytophthora pamsitica on young leaves of cotton-seedlings, x i These experiments show that the Phytophthora concerned is able to attack cotton plants at different stages of their growth.P. palmivora (MF4).Species of Phytophthora can cause seed rot, pre- and post-emergence damping-off, and stem and root rot in many legume crops, but have not been reported in association with pea root rot in Canada. Phytophthora faberi Maublanc, Phytophthora omnivora var. citricola, P. Phytophthora encompass a large genus of plant-pathogenic Oomycetes in the lineage of Stramenopiles (Gunderson et al. Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens. … Distinct strains of Phytophthora palmivora were found when 179 isolates from ten cocoa-producing countries in West Africa were examined. Distinct strains of Phytophthora palmivora were found when 179 isolates from ten cocoa-producing countries in West Africa were examined.) Butl. (1922) G. The first published reports on cacao were in 1909 by Von Faber and by Maublanc, who described the causal pathogen as a new species, Phytophthora faberi (Ashby, 1929). polysporum and T. arecae theref ore Phytophthora meadii, which is generally homothallic, has recently been reestablished as a species and a common pathogen of Hevea in Ceylon. (var To download a certificate of origin for Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) Butler (MYA-3421), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on your product label or packing slip. In South India the pathogen was identified as Phytophthora meadii by McRae (1919). meadii, P.C. faberi Maubl. arecae Gejala Serangan.). Depending on the species of phytophthora causing the infection, inoculum may already have existed in the planting site, or may have been brought in on infected plants. polysporum and T. meadii andP. meadii fall into one of these groups. To download a certificate of origin for Phytophthora palmivora (Butler) Butler (48840), enter the lot number exactly as it appears on your product label or packing slip.